GHI REPORT 2013

• The 2013 Global Hunger Index (GHI) has been brought out by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and two international charities Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide. 
• Calculated for 120 countries

 INDICATORS USED:

• The three indicators used are:
• The proportion of people who are undernourished
• The proportion of children under five who are underweight
• The mortality (death) rate of children younger than age five.

 HIGHLIGHTS:

• The number of hungry people in the world was estimated at 842 million in 2011-13 
•  About a quarter of the world's hungry, or 210 million, are in India alone.
• In India the proportion of undernourished declined from about 21% of the population to 17.5%, the proportion of underweight children declined from 43.5% to about 40% and under-five mortality declined from 7.5% to about 6%.

 The number of hungry people appears to have declined slightly from the 870 million estimated in 2010-12, but the current GHI report says that this is due to a recalculation of how undernourishment is measured by the UN-linked Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Since 2006, the absolute number of undernourished people has remained unchanged but their proportion to total world population is declining because the world population is growing. 

UN RESOLUTION ON CHILD MARRIAGE

• The first-ever global resolution on early and forced marriage of children floated by the UN Human Rights Council stressed the need to include child, early and forced marriage in post-2015 international development agenda and acknowledged the multi-faceted impact of early marriage on the "economic, legal, health and social status of women and girls" as well as "the development of the community as a whole".
• The resolution was supported by a cross-regional group of over 107 countries, including almost all countries with high rates of child marriage—Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sierra Leone, Chad, Guatemala, Honduras and Yemen.

 INDIA’S STAND:

• India, the world's child marriage capital refused to sign the resolution on early and forced marriage of children led by the UN.
• India has the record of having the highest absolute number of child brides: about 24 million. This represents 40% of the 60 million world's child marriages.
• The percentage of women between the ages of 20 and 24 who were married before 18 years of age has decreased from 54% in 1992-93 to 43% in 2007-08, thus showing a reduction of 11% in 15 years.
• India introduced laws against child marriage in 1929, and set 12 years as the legal age for marriage. Later, it was increased to 18 years in 1978.

India refusing to sign the resolution is highly disappointing. Child marriage is a social ill across south Asian countries. However, Nepal probably is the only country that signed the resolution. Both India and Bangladesh which have high rates of child marriages didn't sign in. Child marriage does not constitute a single rights violation - rather, every instance of child marriage triggers a continuum of violations that continues throughout a girl's life. Child marriage endangers the survival and well-being of women and girls by exposing them to forced initiation into sex and sexual violence as well as to early, unplanned and frequent pregnancies. Further, women and girls married as children are often denied educational opportunities, are isolated from society and face a lifetime of economic dependence.